国际空间站拍摄的照片（不怎么清晰)

云帆沧海

      

     Clusters of yellow lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous cities large and small in this astronaut photograph of northern India and northern Pakistan. Of the hundreds of clusters, the largest are the capital cities of Islamabad, Pakistan, and New Delhi, India. (For scale, these metropolitan areas are approximately 700 kilometers or 435 miles apart.) The lines of major highways connecting the cities also stand oaut. More subtle, but still visible at night, are the general outlines of the towering and partly cloud-covered Himalayas to the north (image left).
A striking feature is the line of lights, with a distinctly orange hue, snaking across the center of the image. It appears to be more continuous and brighter than most highways in the view. This is the fenced and floodlit border zone between India and Pakistan. The fence is designed to discourage smuggling and arms trafficking. A similar fenced zone separates India’s eastern border from Bangladesh (not visible).
This image was taken with a 16 mm lens, which provides the wide field of view, as the International Space Station (ISS) was tracking towards the southeast across India. The ISS crew took the image as part of a continuous series of frames, each with a one-second exposure time to maximize light collection. Unfortunately, this also causes blurring of some ground features.
The distinct, bright zone above the horizon (visible at image top) is airglow, a phenomena caused by excitation of atoms and molecules high in the atmosphere (above 80 kilometers, or 50 miles altitude) by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Part of the ISS Permanent Multipurpose Module and a solar panel array are visible at image right.

Astronaut photograph ISS028-E-29679 was acquired on August 21, 2011, with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 16 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 28 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by M. Justin Wilkinson, Jacobs/ESCG at NASA-JSC.

Instrument:  ISS - Digital Camera

黄色灯光的印度恒河平原上的集群揭示许多城市的大，小在这个印度北部和巴基斯坦北部的宇航员照片。集群的数百个，最大的伊斯兰堡，巴基斯坦和印度新德里的省会城市。 （规模，这些大都市区约700公里，相距435英里。）主要公路的连接线城市也脱颖而出。更加微妙，但仍然在夜间可见，高耸的大纲和部分云覆盖的喜马拉雅山到北部（图片左）。
一个突出的特点是灯线，具有明显的橙色色调，整个图像的中心蜿蜒。它出现在视图中更加连续和亮度比大多数公路。这是印度和巴基斯坦之间的围栏和泛光照明的边境地带。围栏目的是阻止走私和贩卖武器。一个类似的围栏区分开（不可见）来自孟加拉国，印度的东部边境。
这张照片是用16毫米镜头，它提供了宽广的视野，为国际空间站（ISS）是对整个印度东南部的跟踪。国际空间站机组人员参加了一个帧，每用一秒钟的曝光时间的连续系列的一部分图像，以最大限度地提高光收集。不幸的是，这也导致一些地面特征模糊。

不同的，在地平线以上的亮区（在图像的顶部可见）是天光，在由来自太阳的紫外线辐射的大气中（高于80公里或50英里的高空）高的原子和分子的激发造成的现象。国际空间站常驻多用途模块和太阳能电池板阵列的部分是在图像的右侧可见。
宇航员照片ISS028 - E - 29679是2011年8月21日，收购与使用16毫米镜头的尼康D3S数码相机是由国际空间站机组人员地球观测实验和图像科学与分析实验室，约翰逊航天中心提供。探险队28名船员被送往图像。裁剪图像已增强，可提高对比度。镜头文物已被删除。国际空间站计划的支持，作为国际空间站的国家重点实验室的一部分实验室，可以以帮助宇航员拍摄这对科学家和公众来说具有很大的价值的图片，并自由地在互联网上提供这些图像。航天员和宇航员所采取的附加图像可以被视为地球摄影宇航员在NASA / JSC网关。由M.贾斯汀威尔金森，雅各布/ ESCG在美国航天局，司法人员叙用委员会的标题。
原图
http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/EarthObservatory/IndiaPakistanBorderlandsatNight.htm



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云帆沧海

Clusters of yellow lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous cities large and small in this astronaut photograph of northern India and northern Pakistan. Of the hundreds of clusters, the largest are the capital cities of Islamabad, Pakistan, and New Delhi, India. (For scale, these metropolitan areas are approximately 700 kilometers or 435 miles apart.) The lines of major highways connecting the cities also stand oaut. More subtle, but still visible at night, are the general outlines of the towering and partly cloud-covered Himalayas to the north (image left).
A striking feature is the line of lights, with a distinctly orange hue, snaking across the center of the image. It appears to be more continuous and brighter than most highways in the view. This is the fenced and floodlit border zone between India and Pakistan. The fence is designed to discourage smuggling and arms trafficking. A similar fenced zone separates India’s eastern border from Bangladesh (not visible).
This image was taken with a 16 mm lens, which provides the wide field of view, as the International Space Station (ISS) was tracking towards the southeast across India. The ISS crew took the image as part of a continuous series of frames, each with a one-second exposure time to maximize light collection. Unfortunately, this also causes blurring of some ground features.
The distinct, bright zone above the horizon (visible at image top) is airglow, a phenomena caused by excitation of atoms and molecules high in the atmosphere (above 80 kilometers, or 50 miles altitude) by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Part of the ISS Permanent Multipurpose Module and a solar panel array are visible at image right.
Astronaut photograph ISS028-E-29679 was acquired on August 21, 2011, with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 16 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 28 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. Lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by M. Justin Wilkinson, Jacobs/ESCG at NASA-JSC.
Instrument:  ISS - Digital Camera

在宇航员照片中印度北部和巴基斯坦北部以及印度恒河平原上的黄色灯光集群揭示许多城市的大小。在集群的数百个中，最大的是伊斯兰堡，巴基斯坦和印度新德里的省会城市。 （规模，这些大都市区约700公里，相距435英里。）主要公路的连接线城市也脱颖而出。更加微妙的是，高耸的大楼和部分云覆盖的喜马拉雅山乃至其北部在夜间仍然可见（图片左）。
一个突出的特点是灯线，具有明显的橙色色调，整个图像的中心蜿蜒。它比起大多数公路在视图中更加连续更加明亮。这是印度和巴基斯坦之间的围栏和泛光照明的边境地带。围栏目的是阻止走私和贩卖武器。类似于另外一个围栏区（不可见）把孟加拉国和印度的东部边境分开。
这张照片是用16毫米镜头，它提供了宽广的视野，为国际空间站（ISS）对整个印度东南部的跟踪时所拍摄的。这是国际空间站机组人员连续用一系列的镜头拍摄，每用一秒钟的曝光时间的连续系列的一部分图像，以最大限度地提高光收集。不幸的是，这也导致一些地面特征模糊。

不同的，在地平线以上的亮区（在图像的顶部可见）是天光，这是大气中的原子和分子被来自太阳光中的紫外线（高于80公里或50英里的高空）的激发造成的现象。国际空间站常驻多用途模块和太阳能电池板阵列的部分在图像的右侧可看见。                                    

照片ISS028 - E - 29679是2011年8月21日宇航员使用由国际空间站机组人员地球观测实验和图像科学与分析实验室，约翰逊航天中心提供的16毫米镜头的尼康D3S数码相机拍摄获得的。于28名探险队船员被送往地球。裁剪图像已增强以提高对比度。镜头底片已被删除。国际空间站计划支持作为国际空间站的一部分国家重点实验室以帮助宇航员拍摄这对科学家和公众来说具有很大的价值的图片，并自由地在互联网上提供这些图像。航天员和宇航员所采取的附加图像可以被视为地球摄影宇航员在NASA / JSC网关。由M.贾斯汀威尔金森，雅各布/ ESCG在美国航天局.
原图